Do laughter and optimism affect health outcomes?
Do laughter and optimism affect health outcomes?
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Welcome back to Get Fit Guy, I’m your host Kevin Don. The expression "Is laughter the best medicine?" has been a popular one for millennia. In fact it is suggested its origin is in the Bible. Proverbs 17:22 saying: “A merry heart doeth good like medicine: but a broken spirit drieth the bones.” So, is it true that humour and laughter possess healing properties? This episode will delve into the health benefits of smiling and laughter, supported by some evidence: scientific research and studies, while also considering the detrimental impacts of a negative outlook on life. By examining the physiological, psychological, and social effects, I hope to shine some light on how positive emotions may contribute to overall well-being.
Smiling and laughter actually trigger a cascade of physiological responses that contribute to improved health. One of the primary benefits is the reduction of stress. Laughter leads to the release of endorphins, the body's natural ‘feel-good’ chemicals. These endorphins promote an overall sense of well-being and can even temporarily relieve pain. Moreover, laughter also decreases the levels of cortisol and epinephrine, which are hormones associated with stress. A study conducted in 1989 (Berk et al.) demonstrated that laughter reduces blood serum levels of cortisol, dopamine, and growth hormone, which are all elevated during stress.
Laughter can also enhance cardiovascular health. It improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow, which can help protect against heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems. A 2009 study (Miller and Fry) found that laughter causes the endothelium, which is the inner lining of the blood vessels, to dilate, increasing blood flow by an average of 22%. This vasodilation effect is comparable to that achieved through performing moderate aerobic exercise.
Immune function also benefits from laughter. We all know that a robust immune system is crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. In the same study by Berk et al. (1989) there was evidence that laughter increases the production of antibodies and enhances the activity of T-cells, leading to a stronger immune response. These findings suggest that regular laughter can be a useful complementary approach to maintaining a healthy immune system.
So, it seems that the physiological benefits of smiling and laughter are profound. But what of the psychological benefits? Well, it seems that laughter can also act as a powerful antidote to stress, anxiety, and depression. Engaging in laughter stimulates the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation. Increased levels of serotonin can lead to improved mood and a reduction in depressive symptoms. A study by Gelkopf, Kreitler, and Sigal (1993) found that humor therapy significantly decreased symptoms of depression among psychiatric patients.
Laughter also promotes a sense of relaxation and well-being. It triggers what is called the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response, counteracting the "fight or flight" response induced by stress. This relaxation response can help reduce the physical symptoms of stress, such as muscle tension and increased heart rate.
Furthermore, laughter fosters resilience and coping skills. By providing a psychological buffer or distancing from problems, humour allows individuals to view their challenges from a less threatening perspective. This cognitive shift can improve problem-solving abilities and enhance emotional regulation. According to a study by Martin and Dobbin (1988), individuals who use humour as a coping mechanism are better equipped to handle stressful situations and experience less psychological distress.
Human beings are inherently social creatures, and laughter plays a crucial role in social bonding. It facilitates connection and communication, strengthening relationships and fostering a sense of community. When people laugh together, it creates a shared experience that can enhance social cohesion and trust. A study by Dunbar et al. (2012) found that laughter increases endorphin levels in the brain, promoting social bonding and group cohesion.
Laughter also serves as a non-verbal form of communication that can break down barriers and reduce social tensions. It acts as a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic differences, making it a powerful tool for improving interpersonal relationships. According to research by Gervais and Wilson (2005), laughter signals playfulness, friendliness, and social acceptance, which can lead to more positive social interactions.
Additionally, laughter can improve group dynamics and workplace productivity. In professional settings, humour can enhance teamwork, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. A study by Holmes (2007) found that humour in the workplace is associated with higher job satisfaction, improved work performance, and increased employee engagement. These findings suggest that incorporating humour into professional environments can lead to more cohesive and productive teams.
While the benefits of smiling and laughter are well-documented, it is equally important to understand the negative impacts of a pessimistic outlook on life. Chronic negativity and stress can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health.
Physiologically, prolonged stress can lead to a range of health issues, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and weakened immune function. High levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol, can contribute to inflammation and the development of chronic conditions. A study by Black and Garbutt (2002) highlighted the association between chronic stress, inflammation, and the onset of diseases such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Psychologically, a negative outlook can increase the risk of mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Negative thought patterns can create a feedback loop that reinforces feelings of hopelessness and despair. Research by Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (2008) demonstrated that rumination, a common feature of a negative outlook, is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms and can exacerbate existing mental health issues.
Socially, negativity can strain relationships and reduce social support, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Negative individuals may find it challenging to form and maintain positive relationships, which can further perpetuate their negative outlook. A study by Segrin and Taylor (2007) found that negative communication patterns are associated with decreased relationship satisfaction and increased interpersonal conflict.
So, to wind it all up this week, the phrase "Is laughter the best medicine?" holds significant truth when considering the extensive health benefits of smiling and laughter. The physiological advantages, including stress reduction, improved cardiovascular health, and enhanced immune function, highlight the importance of incorporating humour into daily life. Psychologically, laughter promotes relaxation, resilience, and emotional well-being, while socially, it strengthens bonds and improves interpersonal relationships.
Conversely, a negative outlook on life can have severe physical, psychological, and social repercussions, emphasising the importance of fostering positive emotions. By understanding the profound impact of smiling and laughter, individuals and communities can harness the power of humour to enhance overall health and well-being. As the evidence suggests, laughter is not only a pleasurable experience but also a vital component of a healthy and fulfilling life.
If you have any questions or would like to just say ‘hi’, please email me on getfitguy@quickanddirtytips.com
Get-Fit Guy is a Quick and Dirty Tips podcast. Thanks to the team at Quick and Dirty Tips Morgan Christianson, Holly Hutchings, the director of podcasts Brannan Goetschius and Davina Tomlin. I’m your host, Kevin Don. If you have a question for me, leave me a voicemail at 510-353-3104 or send me an email at getfitguy@quickanddirtytips.com. For more information about the show, visit quickanddirtytips.com, or check out the shownotes in your podcast app.